Cancer Health Care

Detection of Colorectal Cancer

2010-04-13T08:13:00.000-07:00

Colorectal Cancer | Detection by Your Self

Today, Colorectal Cancer has been increasing than 5 or 10 years ago.You can check here for further information. So, now how can we detect this earlier and do prevention ?

To detect Colorectal cancer, you must check -excuse me- your anal. We can do this, when we take a bath. With your finger, check! is there any mass ? , is there anything wrong with yours ?

Doctor will do the same as you did. Because that is the premier procedure. Then if there is something or indicating Colorectal Cancer, doctor will check more with biopsy and other procedures.

You can also check your defecation habit. is that Good ?? is it as usual ?? Because cancer / tumor can obstruct our colon, part or total. It can change your defecation habit. Right ?? ( say yes yaaa... :) )

Check!, is there any Blood in your Stool ?? Or Change in Color ?? more Red , Black ?

Must be Aware! if there is change in your Stool Color..

Check to your doctor for more evaluation.

Hope, It gives you Informations you need.

Cancer Prevention

2010-03-30T06:42:00.000-07:00

How can You Protect Yourself from Cancer ?

Talking about Cancer risk, everyone has the different risk of developing cancer. Some individuals have a higher cancer risk because of family susceptibility. But more significant are environmental risk factors, the most impotant --Diet and Smoking--we can control.

Genetic factors. In a few rare cases, a woman may be at high risk for breast cancer because of a "family breast cancer syndrome."

Dr. Philip Cole, an internationally renowned epidemiologist and associate professor at Harvard's School of Public Health, and other epidemiologists believe that family susceptibility to a specific type of cancer may be due to 1. a Genetic factor, 2.an Unhealthy life-style or, 3.the least suspect -- something in the environment.

Cancer in specific organ has its specific risk factors, too. For example : Her overweight causing Cancer in the Uterus, Smoking 5-9 cigarettes per day causing Cancer in lung, Many sexual partners or early sexual intercourse causing Ca. Cervix, etc.

The cancer-causation puzzle becomes increasingly complicated when 2 or more risk factors are combined. So, The key to cancer prevention at present is to identify personal risk factors -- and make a commitment to do something about them.

*Identify your risks -- then deal with them*

Source : Summary from CANCER pathophysiology, etiology, and management pages 84-88

Cancer Patient

2010-03-26T08:04:00.000-07:00

Cause of Death in Cancer Patients

What makes the Cancer so Deathly..??

The primary causes of death in Cancer patients are Infection, Organ failure, Infarction, Hemorrhage, Carcinomatosis. Infection was a Major cause of death and occured in 47 % of patients. Organ failure also was a frequent cause of death. Most of the infections occurring in patients were either septicemia or visceral infections.

Then, Infarction occurred as a terminal event. The most frequent sites of infarction were the lungs and the heart. Hemorrhage or Massive bleeding causes death in patients. Fatal hemorrhage occurred most frequently in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain; the majority in patients with gastrointestinal tumors and melanomas.Other factors which caused fatal bleeding were peptic ulcer, post-surgery, post radiation, and ateriosclerosis.

Carcinomatosis was most frequenty seen in patients with melanoma and breast carcinomas.

Radiation Therapy

2010-03-25T06:38:00.000-07:00

Palliative Radiation Therapy

Treatment in patients with Advanced Cancer won't get Extensive curative treatment. In other words, the patient won't get Radical treatment. The Palliative treatment is usually done. This is for Comfortable of patient during the last phases of live. So, What kind of Palliative Radiation Therapy ??

Here, The Problem of Patient with Advanced Cancer.

Pain
Pain caused by tumor invasion or encapsulation of nervous tissue. So, in certain cases such as Bone pain due to metastases from bronchogenic carcinoma or breast cancer, Radiation therapy is very usefull and effective in relieving the pain.
Bleeding
Radiation relieves bleeding in certain dosage. That is depend on type of tumor growth and its degree of invasion.
Pressure effects on vital organs
Pressure on vital structure such as in superior vena cava, are also relieved by radiation. Major and minor bronchi obstructed by tumor often respond to radiation therapy,too.
Restraint of tumor growth
At times, palliation is necessary to promote the patient's sense of well-being. Radiation therapy may alliviate local suppuration, enhance the patient's self-esteem and improve nursing care.

Source: CANCER pathophysiology, etiology, and management page 186

Cancer Chemotherapy

2010-03-23T01:49:00.000-07:00

Side Effect of Cancer Chemotherapy

Treatment of Cancer generally, devided into 2 groups, there is local therapy, such as surgery and radiation, and systemic therapy.Systemic therapy could be chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs, hormonal therapy, and biologic therapy. Nowdays, we also know the therapy called Therapy with molecular target.

In here, we will discuss about Cancer Chemotherapy, especially the bad effect would be rised.

Chemotherapy cytotoxic drugs attack cancer cells which is quick split. but sometimes these drugs give effect to the normal cells such as hair, mucosal , bone marrow, skin and sperm, which are have quick split,too. These drugs can also be toxic in some organs such as heart, liver, kidney, and nervous system.

Side Effect that is usually found in patient with Drugs Chemotherapy could be bone marrow suppression, mucositis, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, Alopecia, Infertility.

Bone Marrow Suppression

Trombocytopenia, anemia, and leucopenia are the side effect occur in chemotherapy drugs.

Mucositic

Mucositis can occur in oral cavity (called stomatitis), tongue (called Glossitis) , throat (called Esofagitis), enteric (called Enteritis) and rectum (called proctitis). Usually,mucositis occur in day 5 until 7 after chemotherapy. Mucositis can cause secondary infection, poor nutrision, dehydration, long time treatment and also increasing that cost.

Oral hygiene sould be maintained, to prevent from secondary infection due mucositis.

Nausea and Vomiting

Inflammation from mucosal cells (mucositis) that line the digestive tract causing Nausea and Vomiting. Nausea can occur acutely, within 0-24 hours after chemotherapy, or 24-96 hours (1-4 days) after chemotherapy. Instead drug therapy, environment around patient and foods should be given attention,too. Avoiding spicy foods and foul-smelling, eating and drinking in small portion but frequent. Avoiding eat 1-2 hours before and after chemotherapy. Relaxing with watching TV, or Playing game, reading,etc, Sleeping during the period of nausea, Oral hygiene, also doing exercise.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea caused by the damage of gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells, causing inadequate absorption.Patients are encouraged to eat low-fiber, high protein, and drink enough fluids & electrolyte.As well as diarrhea due to other reasons, the replacement of fluids and electrolyte must be done.

Alopecia (hair lost)

Hair lost always occurs in chemotherapy due to the lethal effects of chemotherapy drugs to cells of the hair follicles. Total recovery would occur after therapy is stopped. In some patients, the hair can grow back during the therapy of anti-cancer drugs. It can reflect compensatory proliferative process -increasing the number of stem cells- or the development of drug resistance in normal tissue.

Infertility

Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis are vurnerable to the toxic effects of anti-cancer drugs.This is because the drugs effect to the rapid proliferatif cells. we know that Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis devide rapidly. In men with chemotherapy cancer, are often found the decrease in amount of sperm production.

Source: Translated from Text Book "Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II forth Edition page 843"

Tumor marker

2010-03-11T05:08:00.000-08:00

Tumor Marker for Female Reproduction (Screening)

Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)

CA 125 is a standard tumor marker for epithelial ovarian cancer. The reference Levels the most follow is 0-35 ku/L, but almost 99% normal women after menopause have the levels <20 kU/L. The levels between 100 kU/L and more can be found in pramenopause woman when come menstruation. More than 90% patients have CA 125 levels more than 30 u/L when there is an advance cancer. CA 125 is being studied as a screening diagnostic tool because the leves increase when the disease especially attack ovarium. However, the problem is some women with CA 125 levels > 30 U/ml not found Ovarium cancer. The high levels is also found in women with Endometriosis, lung cancer, and individual with history of cancer. Increasing CA 125 levels is also found in Non-malignant condition such as Liver disease, fibroid, Ovarian cyst, and peritonitis.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCC)

SCC, first identified in Cervical Cancer. This is a marker of squamous cell carcinoma that can occur in the cervix, head and neck, lung and skin.The levels of SCC can be used to help set the stage of Carcinoma and determine the therapeutic response.

Source: Translated from Text Book "Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II forth Edition"

Pancreatic Tumor

2010-03-01T07:57:00.000-08:00

Pancreatic Tumor

Pancreatic Tumor could be Benign or Malignant.In Clinical study, about 90% patients with pancreatic tumor are Malignant from pancreatic exocrine tissue, that is ductus pancreatic adenocarsinoma.Pancreatic Cancer is still idiopatic. it means, there are uncertain causes of this disease. There are exogen ,endogen, and genetic factors.

Exogen factor could be smoke habit, high colesterol diet, alcohol. coffee, and carcinogenic substance. The most consistent risk factor is smoking. In smoker, the risk of pancreatic cancer increase1,4 - 2,3 higher then Non-smoker.High Colesterol diet and fat, and Low fiber are proved increasing the risk of pancreatic cancer. Good Diet for better Live :)

Endogen factors could be Age,pancreatic disease ( Cronic Pancreatitis and Diabetes millitus) and genetic mutation.Insidence of Pancreatic Cancer increase in the old age. Patient with Chronic Pancreatitis has risk 9,5 higher to get Pancreatic Cancer.

Nowdays, Pancreatic Cancer is also accociated with Genetic factor. The risk getting Pancreatic cancer increase double in family with pancreatic cancer.

Colorectal Cancer Review is here

Colorectal Cancer

2010-02-25T01:15:00.000-08:00

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer can be devided into 2 groups , there are Polyp Colon and Colon Cancer. Polyp is a protrusion in mucosal surface. And Polyp could be devided into 3 types, 1.neoplasm epitelium. 2.Non-neoplasm.3.Submukose. Polyp could be transform into Colorectal Cancer. So, with Surgical procedure, Polyp might be removed, and prevent Colorectal Cancer!.

Nowdays (year 2010), Colorectal Cancer become the 2nd rank in Cancer Cases in the world, before that is in the 4th grade*.The patient now in age under 45 years old, before the patient above 50 years old. This is very surprised!!.This Phenomenon might be accociated with STESS, and Our lifestyle today include kind of our diets.

The higher Stress in young Adult Today, than before might be explained why this cancer change in rank also the patients. Some relaxing also needed, right ? Don't be stress all the time! And don't forget eat enough fiber in your Diets! All these are Usefull.

Colorectal Cancer isn't popular than others example breast cancer or cervical cancer. But Colorectal Cancer is deadly. because the metastatic pattern could reach liver (most often), brain, lung, bone, etc. Colorectal Cancer has its differential diagnosis. It means, The Diagnosis could be confused with Haemorroids, Diverticel, Tumor, Polyp,etc. Contact your doctor when you get the symptoms like bloody in your rectum, anus or colon. This is important and necessary!

Source : *Text Book " Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid 1 4th Edition" and Lecture.

Tumor Marker

2010-02-17T20:00:00.000-08:00

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

PSA Blood Test

Prostate Spesific Antigen also known as PSA is one of the Tumor Marker especially gathering informations around Prostate's conditions. In Normal condition of adult male, PSA Levels is under 3 ng/ml. PSA is producted by prostate cells and the Levels above 4 ng/ml found in prostate disease both in malignant case and benign case such as Prostate hiperplasia. Although a definite Diagnosis of Cancers is a Biopsy, but with monitoring PSA levels, it gives important informations about conditions the patient. PSA is the only Tumor Marker that is recognized as a Screening tool for prostate cancer.

PSA tests consist of PSA free and PSA act, which is a complex between PSA with alpha-1 antichymotrypsin . PSA act is a ratio between total PSA with PSA free, and used to distinguish between benign case such asProstate hypertrophy, with Prostate cancer. Levels under 4 ng/ml showing no malignancy lesion whereas Levels above 10 ng/ml showing cancer lesion. Levels between 4-10 ng/ml is still dobtful and need more additional checks. Generally, PSA Levels above 4 ng/ml requires prostate biopsy and the Levels >20 ng/ml showed the cancer had spread and usually can not be cured.

There are many Factors that influence PSA Levels, One of them is age. The Older people will tend the higher levels than the younger. As well as the patient with BPH (Benign Prostate Hypertropy), PSA Levels correlated linearly with tumor growth, The bigger the tumor tissue than The higher the PSA Levels. Hormonal therapy also influence the secretion of PSA, especially the Androgen activity..

In Patient with Prostate Cancer after getting Surgery therapy and Radiotherapy, could found the sign of reccurency if there is still showing increase of PSA Levels. After getting Therapy, the Levels of PSA should be 0 or the Levels should be drecrease than before.

Source: Translated from "Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II forth edition page 823"..

Tumor Marker

2009-12-01T07:56:00.000-08:00

Tumor Marker and Clinical Applications | Review

Carcinogenesis is multiple steps process which involves prolonged accumulation of abnormal genes to the incidence of cancer lesion on the body. Initial phase of tumor detection is an important issue for the oncologist because in this phase of therapy is expected to give maximum result. Known as primary cause and the factors that initiate the process of carcinogenesis is a defect in the proto-oncogenes, suppresor genes, and several other essential genes. Defects are not only considered as patogenetic factor but also as a tumor marker because of DNA mutation (genetic defect) is detected on the body's biological fluids -indication of tumor growth-.

Tumor Marker is a molecule or process or a substance that can be measured with an examination (assay) both qualitatively and quantitatively in precancerous condition and cancer. Changes in these levels can be caused by tumors and normal tissue in response to the tumor. Tumor markers can be DNA, mRNA, protein or parts of proteins ( such as te process of proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and others. Tumor markers can be found in significant amounts in the blood or urine of patients with cancer and can also be found in the blood and urine of patients with no cancer. Beside that Tissue, saliva, body fluids, and the cell itself can be used as a specimen for the tumor marker test.

Tumor markers widely used in clinics, in order to add the necessary information that can assist in clinical decision making of a disease.

Source: Translate from Text Book " Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II edisi IV page 820 "

Here, another Review about Symptoms of Cancer

Blood Stem Cell Transplant

2009-10-25T15:27:00.000-07:00

Blood Stem Cell Transplant | You want to Know

Tissue engineering is a new breakthrough in medical field. Here, there are combination between biology science and engineering to create biological methode which can recover or replace the damage tissues. Bone marrow cells or peripheral blood cells have been cultured in laboratory, then the selected item from the culture will use to recover the damage tissues/organs.

Stem cells or progenitor cells are cells before differentiated with their ability to recover their damage continuously and unlimited by themselves. then, Stem cells differentiate into other cells. Stem cells can become neuron cells , heart cells, pancreatic cells, etc. Stem cell or progenitor cell has the potential to recover other damage tissue because of severe disease.

haemopoietic stem cell transplantation is blood stem cell or progenitor cell transplant procedure. Transplantation can between individuals or for himself.

Today, Blood stem cell transplant is usually used to :

Recover bone marrow failure syndrome ( ex: leukemia, aplastic anemia, hereditery disorder, etc )
Protect bone marrow from radiation or cytostatic chemotherapy with high dose (for example in Non Hodgkin limphoma )
Enter the blood stem cell , gene therapy

Another Review about Cancer Symptoms

Leukemia

2009-10-08T00:00:00.000-07:00

Chronic Limphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Chronic Limphocytic Leukemia. (CLL)

Definition
Cronic Limphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is an malignancy of haematologic which is signed with Clonal ploriferation and accumulation of neoplastic limphocyte B in blood, bone marrow, limphonodes, splen, liver, & other organs. The symptoms can include lymphocytosis, limphadenophaty, and splenomegali. about 95% CLL is cell B neoplasm. and the others is cell T neoplasm.

Epidemiology
the average of patients's age when diagnosed are 65 years old, just 10-15% less then 50 years old. CLL increased risk occurs with age. relative risk ratio between old men and the old women are 2,8 : 1. the most patients are caucasian race and in middle income.
some patients with CLL have normal life, and the others die after 5 years later since diagnosed.

Cause
CLL cause still unknown. the possibilities are chromosome abnormalities, oncogen, & retrovirus (RNA tumour virus). about 50% CLL patients have sitogenic abnormalities, especially trisomy 12, chromosomal abnormalities 13 in line q14 (RB-1 suppressor gene location) , deletions of chromosomes 6 and 11. this is good detection in fluorescence in situ, hibridation than sitogenik conventional analysis.

Diagnosis
Clinical manifestation
in early diagnosis, most of CLL patients are asymptomatic. limphadenopathy generalisata, loss of weight and fatigue are the most found in patients with symptoms. Another symptoms include anorexia and decreased in exercise capacity. fever, sweat at night, and infection are rare in early stage and become worst in the next stage. Limphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly found in asymptomatic patients, when diagnosed because of cell B neoplastic accumulation.

Physical Examinations
lymphadenopathy is usually found in physical examinations. About 50% patients have lymphadenopathy and/or hepatosplenomegaly. with the progressiveness of CLL, the massive of limphadenopathy can cause obstructuve icterus, oudem in lower extremity, partial intestine obstructive. pleural effusion or acites related with bad prognosis.

Diagnostic Criteria

Patognomonic sign of CLL is increasing in the number of leukocytes with small lymphocytosis about 95%. Examination peripheral blood picture is needed to make good diagnosis. Infiltration lymphocytes in bone marrow (>30% lymphocytes).
CLL can be diagnosed if there is increase of absolute lymphocites in blood (>5.000/uL) and its morphology also immunophenotype showing specific picture.

Differensial Diagnosis

Hairy cell leukemia
Prolymphocytic Leukemia
Mantle cell lymphoma
Cell T cronic Leukemia
LGL Leukemia
mature cell T Leukemia
etc

kind of Complications

Infection
Hypogamaglobulinemia
found in more than 66% patients in the end of this disease.
It may transform into aggressive lymphoid malignancy
Secondary malignancy

Therapy
The Therapy for this desease may include..

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy - Radiotherapy for This patients just palliative treatment. About 50-90% Patients show that the limpha become smaller size and reducing their pain after this treatment .
Splenectomy - indication for Sympthomatic massive Splenomegaly, Sitopenia autoimune , and hiper splenism

The New treatment include

Monoclonal Antibody

Source: for more informations see Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi IV page 735-38 ( Text Book)

here, another Review about Cancer symptoms

Leukemia

2009-10-05T23:26:00.000-07:00

Acute Limphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Acute Limphoblastic Leukemi (ALL).

Definition
Acute Limphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a clonal malignancy from precursor lifoid cells. About more than 80% cases, the dangerous cells come from limphocite B, and about 20% or less come from limphocite T. this type of leukemia attacks more in children. and about 20% this cancer cases attack in adult.

Etiology
the ALL cases is idiopatic in adult. the Genetic factor is more related in children's ALL cases. Environment also support occurance this disease. there are Ionic radiation, Chemotherapy drugs, , Epstein Barr Infection, high levels benzene exposure, smoke.

Clinical Presentation
there are many kind of clinical presentations.generally, there are the clinical symptoms related to the bone marrow failure. the Accumulation from Limphoblast cells malignant in bone marrow, cause the lack of blood normal cells in perifer. So, The clinical symptoms may related to anemia, infection, and Bleeding. but, the massive bleeding is rarely found.

the symptoms of ALL may found in clinical pictures can include :

Anemia, Fatigue, letargy, chest pain, dizziness, shortness
Anoreksia
pain in bone and joint ( because the infiltrating leukemia cells in bone marrow)
hipermetabolism symptoms ( fever and much sweting)
petechiiae, atraumattic ecchymosis, hematuria, GIT's bleeding
hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Limphadenophaty
Mass in mediastinum ( often in cell T ALL )
etc

Differential Diagnosis
-Anemia Aplastic
-Limphocytosis , Limphadenophaty, and Hepatosplenomegaly which relate to virus infection and limphoma

Laboratory pictures
generally, there are found Anemia and Trombocytopenia. about one-third patients have the trombotic count less than 25.000/mm3 .

Diagnosis Approach

Anamnesis
physical examination
Laboratory examination
thorax photo or Computed tomography
Lumbal Pungsi
Aspiration and bone marrow biopsy

Source: Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid II Edisi IV page 728-30 ( Text Book)

another review about Mesothelioma ( Pleural Cancer )

Ovarian Cancer

2009-09-10T14:59:00.000-07:00

Ovarian Cancer

by Kisenda

Ovarian Cancer.Ovarian cancer is one of the women’s genital cancer categories. this cancer grows and attacks the women’s reproductive system. It can affect to the women’s reproduction. Ovary is the organ which produce ovum. Ovum, together with sperm, make conception. They would become zygote and growth become baby.

Ovarian cancer is characterized by the malignant growth of one or of the two ovaries. Ovarian’s cells multiply progressively and being uncontrolled. The ovarian cancer can spread to another tissue. It will give bad effect. Another organs or tissues may become Cancer, too.

Ovarian cancer treatments will be good in early stage. In advanced stage, this treatment can lead to removal of ovaries. The early detection is needed. Screening is a way to detect the ovarian cancer symptoms. Early detection will decrease morbidity and mortality.

The symptoms of Ovarian cancer can include abdominal discomfort and bloating, change in bowel and urinary habits, nauseous,etc. they are like a common symptoms. Another symptoms are they may feel discomfort and pain during sexual activity, pain and selling in the pelvic area, unusual bleeding in vagina,etc. The bleeding may longher and heavier than usual menstruation.

Ovarian cancer treatments can include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In surgery, surgeon will remove the growth of malignant tissue. When the cancer spread to fallopian tube, surgeon may remove ovarian and fallopian tube. This is usually called salpingooophorectomy. It is become worst, when uterus also gets cancer. the uterus may remove,too. It is called hysterectomy. For complete information about the ovarian cancer treatments, you can click here.

Here, my other Review about Mesothelioma Cancer

Cervical Cancer

2009-09-08T01:30:00.000-07:00

Cervical Cancer

By Kisenda

Cervical Cancer.Cervical cancer is a cancer affect in woman’s sex. More than 300.000 women around the world die because of cervical cancer. In general, the women in 40 till 55 years old risk getting cervical cancer. HPV (human papilloma virus) is virus which cause cervical cancer and may transmitted through sexual contact. This virus can remain in woman’s sex for along time. And in this period, this virus can induce abnormal changes in the cervical cells.

Some risk factors which lead to cervical cancer are numerous sex partners over a period of time, weak immune status, early sexual activity (immature cells of cervix), smoking, etc.

Screening test may detect cervical cancer in an early stage. There is Pap smear test. This test will take little cells from cervix, and observe the condition in microscope. Is there any abnormal sign from cell or not. It is recommended for women, to get Pap smear test at least one in a year. This is for prevention and diagnoses cervical cancer in early stage.

There are many symptoms when woman gets cervical cancer. The most common symptoms of cervical cancer can include pelvic pain, increase in the frequency of urination, unexpected vaginal discharge or bleeding, etc.

The treatment of cervical cancer can include chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical procedures (removing ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus). For the complete procedure you can check here.

The earlier we can detect the cervical cancer problem, the better our chances to cure.

Check another guide and review about Mesothelioma Cancer.

Liver Cancer

2009-08-27T09:50:00.000-07:00

Types of Liver Cancer
by Kisenda

Liver Cancer.We must realize how serious the liver disease is, here we will concern talking about Liver cancer. Liver cancer is one of the danger diseases catagory. Why? Because this may affect metabolism reaction in our body. Sometimes this diease appear without any symptoms, or maybe unspecific symptoms, such as stomatchache, uncomfortable stomatch,etc. And we know that it is Liver cancer, when there have been serious medical condition.

Ok , here I will focus talking about types of liver cancer. There are 2 major types of liver cancer. They are called hepatocellular and metastatic. As we know, the metastatic liver is the cancer which the source are from another part of body, such as colon, breast, lungs, pancreas, stomatch, etc. then it spreads to the liver. The second is Hepatocellular cancer or usually called hepatoma. this cancer is found and start growing directly in the liver. And this cancer can spread into another part of body organs.
Anyone who suffers with chirrosis is at high risk for this disease and the men are more prone to this type. Approximately 90-95% of liver cancer begins from liver cells. The Doctor will help patient, first, with classify the cancer’s stages which describe how much it has spread and the size of cancerous tumor.

Here, I’ll explain about the signs of four basic stages of liver cancer. First stage the tumor start less than 2 cm long. The second stage, it may growth about 2 cm long, and there are many symptoms, or maybe unspesific symptoms. In the third stage, the cancer is affecting the blood vessels and there may be more than one tumor. In the stage, it usually spreads to near organs such as bowels and stomach. By stage four, the cancer has started to spread further out in the body.

Doctor try to determine the cancer stage to make a good decision about choosing the best treatment. Many kind of doctor treatments you can check here , and maybe alternative treatments.

Here, the Review about Prostate

Herbal for Cancer

2009-08-23T14:08:00.000-07:00

Best of Herbs for Cancer Treatment | Review

by Kisenda

Herbal for Cancer.Based on scientists report, toxic pollutants in the environment lead into cancer. Cancers are global concern. there are many kind of treatments for cancer, one of them is herb treatment. Today, there are more evidence that herbs can also healing cancer naturally.

HEALING CANCER NATURALLY

Human body is one of the miracles creator, there are many tipes of guards, all generally called white blood cells, to protect the body from bacterias, viruses, and dangerous cell like cancer. body has abilities to heal their breaks, or cells break naturally, but in one condition, body can not heal itself, so we can look that there are many diseases, like cancer, etc. How does the cancer happen? Here will explain you.

When body can not heal it self, it will need treatments from outside, there are many cancer treatments like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, maybe surgery, immunotherapy, and many more like alternative treatments, one of them is herbs treatment. The recent study has shown that 5 to 7 servings of green leafy vegetables daily will reduce cancer by 66%. Healing cancer naturally can be achieved with exercise, proper nutrition and herb for cancer treatment.

HERBS FOR CANCER TREATMENT

Herbs as a cancer treatment are available to heal the cancer naturally, as long as it has the right keys to neutralize the invading toxins. Herbs show that it is not only help the cancer treatment but also another various disease. Here , I will show you what some herbs can do to support and heal cancer naturally. Herbs can help to detoxify and eliminate toxins, the toxin somehow is the dangerous thing. the herbs is rich of high antioxidant levels, so it can helps our body fighting free radicals element.

Here, you can see the Review about Cancer Prostate.

Colon Cancer

2009-08-17T17:58:00.000-07:00

Colon Cancer | REVIEW

Colon Cancer.There are some definition here, i want to tell you,readers.

Colon cancer is a cancer in a large intestine, and rectal cancer is a cancer in rectum. Both of them usually called Colorectal cancer. in source Wikipedia, there are 655.000 death world wide per year caused colon cancer. many colon cancers arise from adenomatous polyps in the colon. Their growths usually benign. But some may develop into colon cancer over time.

The symptoms of colon cancer depend on location of tumor and its metastatic.

Here some of colon cancer symptoms

The people with colon cancer usually have a changing in bowel habit. Diarrhea,constipation and tenesmus (feeling of incomplete defecation). In Colon cancer usually has bleeding in lower gastrointestine, when it is chroric the anemia or iron deficiency may occur. Colon cancer may also lead to weight loss, unexplained fever. When colon cancer in metastatic stage, it commonly spreads to the Liver. Large deposit in the liver cause abdominal pain (due to stretching of the liver’s capsule) , billiary obstruction and jaundice.

There are some factor risks of developing colon cancer, these include Age (60-70 years old), history of cancer, heredity , smoking, diet high in red meat and low in fresh fruit-vegetables, Virus, Alcohol, etc.

Diagnosis and screening of colon cancer may include Endoscopy (Colonoscopy), test for blood in the stool (FOBT), Digital rectal exam (DRE),etc.

The colon cancer treatment include Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Immunotherapy. To prevent colon cancer disease ,it is strongly recommended to improved lifestyle and nutrition, chemoprevention and calcium supplementation.

Check my other Review about Cancer Prostate

Testicular Cancer

2009-08-13T01:13:00.001-07:00

Testicular Cancer | Signs and Symptoms

Testicular Cancer.Definition of testicular cancer is cancer that forms in tissues of the testis. Testicular cancer usually occurs in young or middle-aged men. Two main types of testicular cancer are seminomas (cancers that grow slowly and are sensitive to radiation therapy) and nonseminomas (different cell types that grow more quickly than seminomas).

Estimated new cases and deaths from testicular cancer in the United States in 2009

New cases: 8,400
Deaths: 380

A testicular mass can often be palpated. Because testicular cancer is curable (stage I can have a success rate of >90%) when detected early and experts recommend regular monthly testicular self-examination after a hot shower or bath, when the scrotum is looser. Men should examine each testicle, feeling for pea-shaped lumps. The testicle should normally feel smooth to the touch. Ridges may be felt because of enlarged blood vessels or tumor growth. Additionally the entire testicle may feel hard and bumpy to the touch.

Symptoms may include one or more of the following:

a lump in one testis or a hardening of one of the testicles
abnormal sensitivity (either numbness or pain)
loss of sexual activity or interest
sexual withdrawal
build-up of fluid in the scrotum or tunica vaginalis, known as a hydrocele
a dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin, sometimes described as a "heavy" sensation
lumbago - lower back pain
An increase, or significant decrease, or sudden decrease in the size of one or both testes. The testicle with a tumor may be severely enlarged, as much as 3 times the original size. Simultaneously the other testicle may be shrunken in size, due to the tumor taking up the majority of the blood supply to the scrotum.
blood in semen
general weak and tired feeling

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against routine screening for testicular cancer in asymptomatic adolescent and adult.

Here, the Review about Cancer Prostate

Source:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicular_cancer
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/testicular

Cancer Center

2009-08-11T19:09:00.000-07:00

Cancer Treatment Centers | REVIEW

Cancer Center.Cancer, clinically, is the disease that manifests in the cells itself. The cells grow up rapidly and become unstructure. They live then disturb and break a normal cell live. So, it needs to be treated totally. Cancer treatment involve a total care for the patient’s spirit, mind and body.

In Cancer treatment centers, There are dedicated person also experts team to help personalized treatment and comprehensive treatment. Some of combination medical treatment use to get the patient’s healthy. Team will help the patient to fight cancer, such as spiritual therapy , psychological, nutritional , and physical therapies.

There are 3 common methods of cancer treatment including different medical procedure. There are surgery, chemotherapy , and radiation. The general state of the patient’s health, type of cancer, and extent of the disease influence the cancer treatment combination. Along with innovative cancer treatment, the cancer treatment centers also give the patient spirit of life, an their mission is to arm the patient with every choice, empower patient to victory , offer patient every chance.

Cancer treatment centers will inform about what the best available options for the patient’s treatment, what kind of these and what the impact of these treatments. Good and bad impact. And they encourage the patients also their family to be fully involved in every decision.
In order to achive the goals, treatment centers must include comprehensive education programs, clinical trials, and research-back for the latest information about both common and rare cancers.

Here is the Review about Virus.

Cancer Liver

2009-08-10T13:22:00.000-07:00

Liver Cancer | REVIEW

Cancer Liver. Liver is an important organ which has some kind of jobs in human body such as cleaning the toxic from foods or drinks, maintaining fluid balance in the body, and many others. Liver also produces bile which helps to break down the fat. And liver cancer is one of liver problem’s types.

Types of Liver cancer

On a broad basis, we can classify liver cancer as primary and secondary liver cancer. It is called as primary liver cancer when cancer originates in the liver itself. It ‘s known as secondary liver cancer when source cancer comes from another part of body then metastasis to the liver. Bile duct cancer and hepatoma are 2 main types of liver cancer.

Causes of Liver cancer

There are 2 main causes of Liver cancer

Occurance of infection such as Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
Excessive consumption of Alcohol

Symptoms of Liver cancer

There are some symptoms of Liver cancer such as enlargement of Liver ,pain in the upper abdomen, jaundice, fluid disbalance in the body. some others are nausea, loss of weight, weakness, etc. However, we still need to check up in laboratories.

Diagnosis of Liver cancer

Liver ultrasound scan, liver biopsy and CT scan test are usually used to diagnose the liver problems, include liver cancer. And the physical examination is basicly to check the enlargement of liver.

Treatment of liver cancer

The doctor might prescribes treatment techniques depends on the stage of liver , the type of liver cancer and patient’s general health care. Using laser technique and Surgical procedure, tumor or liver cancer try to destruct and remove. There are chemotherapy treatment which helps to destruct the liver cancer,too.

You can check out my other Review about Hepatitis. :-)

Cirrhosis of The Liver

2009-08-07T16:00:00.000-07:00

Coleration Between Liver and Alcohol Abuse | REVIEW

by Kisenda

Cirrhosis of The Liver.Alcohol abuse gives side effect to all our body organ especially liver , of course this is bad effect. Several organ which damage because this abuse may irreparable when this is going in long time period. This will affect also in abnormally function of some organ. Here, liver might be most crucial organ get a bad risk. Alcohol abuse not only leads to serious health problems but also deathly.

When consume much or untolarete alcohol, body especially liver might not clean the toxic from that. So, the body becomes saturated with alcohol. Then, unprocessed alcohol can go straigh to brain, causing “additional” behaviour, like loss of inhibition, impaired judgment or associate with drunkenness.

When the people consume untolerate alcohol in long time periode, the liver can become fatty and swelled. Fatty liver causes several key internal problems such as:

- The cells of the liver will replace with scar tissue, this is also known as cirrhosis hepatis.

- Lack of nutrients and oxygen causes the liver cells sick and die

- It will choke off the blood supply coming into the liver.

When the cirrhosis hepatis occurs, the liver can not metabolize also detoxified alcohol, in this case, and toxic from foods because the liver cells sickness or die.

One of The most prominent warning when getting cirrhosis hepatis is jaundice. Jaundice is characterized by yellowing skin also in sclera (white part of eye). Not only older person candidates for cirrhosis hepatis but the young men, as well. The young men who have already been heavy dringking for years and experienced the liver failure.

This is important for all of us to realize the bad effect consuming much alcohol, in long time periode, so try to manage our live habits also daily consuming foods and drinks, so we can minimize factor risk of getting this liver problem.

You can check my other review about Virus Hepatitis.

Cancer Lung

2009-07-30T03:07:00.000-07:00

Lung Cancer | Review and Guide

By Kisenda

In the United States, lung cancer is the most frequently lethal cancer. Among all causes of death, lung cancer ranks third after heart and cerebrovascular disease for females and second after heart disease for males. Still in the United States, Over 150.000 people died cause of lung cancer in year 2002.

Lung cancer is classified into 2 main types

1. Non-small cell lung cancer

2. Small cell lung cancer

About 80% of patients have non-small cell lung cancer.

There are many things of factor risk which progress getting lung cancer. There are family history of lung cancer, inhaling 2nd hand smoke or smoking, environment exposure such as radon gas, asbestos, ect. However, some the lung cancers can arise without any these risk factors.

Now, kind of factors might protect people from lung cancer such as are diet fresh vegetables & fruits, avoid smoking area, try to not smoking, limiting exposure from carsinogens agent, such as radon, etc

About 25% peoples with lung cancer report no symptoms at the time of diagnosis. When the sign and simptoms occour, they may include wight loss, repeated chest infections, wheezing, chest pain, coughing up blood, long lasting cough, breathlessness, etc. Lung cancer diagnosed is made on the basis of cell type, symptoms, and x-ray findings. The cancer stage then depends on the spread to other parts of body. The treatment also depends on the stage of cancer and the cell type when diagnosed. There are many types of treatment, you can check here. And the survival rates also depend on cure, health patient, stage and type of cancer.

You can check out my other Review about Virus Hepatitis

Breast Cancer Treatment

2009-07-29T20:19:00.000-07:00

Modern Breast Cancer Treatment | Overview

By Kisenda

Nowday, Breast cancer known as common disease among the woman, not only the older women but also women in their 20’s experiencing this case. The average breast cancer risk, based on statistics report, is 14%. This climbs by 32% for smokers. Besides the gene as a heritance factor, there are also environmental and lifestyle factors which effect the insidence of breast cancer. The studies have shown that 2 genes BRCA1 & BRCA2 normally would prevent the growth of cancer cells but when these genes damage or abnormality work, they can become the cause of higher breast cancer risk. When this damage combine with mutiple carcinogens also toxic environment, it is easy to understand why the rates become higher.

Swelling, the formation of lumps, and skin changes in the breast are the typical breast cancer symptoms. And cyst or any infection may occur, also the typical symptoms. The annual check up such as mammogram also regular self-examination of breast would help in early diagnosis.

This is good for prevention, and cure action before the progress of breast cancer stage. further check up we can use are such as ultrasound, PET scan, MRI, CAT scan, etc.

Breast cancer treatment can include many things , it depends on several factors, such as the lymph node status, size and stage of tumor, also hormone receptor status, etc. Nowday, Breast cancer is classified as invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and last ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

The developing science today also growing of modern technology give us several treatment options. There are chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, surgery, etc. This kind of treatments could be done just single therapy maybe need combination. Lumpectomy is the term of normal breast cancer surgery. in this surgery just the tumor in the breast is removed. Normally, as follow-up action, radiation therapy is usually used. It is to ensure that breast tissues are clean from cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence. When the entire breast removed, it’s called mastectomy. Also followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Patient with invasive breast cancer, in axillary lymph node dissection might supplement with radiation and surgery. In a few patients, they might need further chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. In radiation therapy, there are side effects that depend on duration of radiation, type of radiation also health of patient. So, it is highly recomended to give more attention in dietary and nutritional supplements.

The hormonal therapy becomes the treatment choice if the breast cancer is hormone-receptor-positive. This therapy stop the hormone estrogen which stimulate breast cancer cell growth. Chemotherapy used to eliminate the cancer cells outside the cancer center, such as spread to other body organ . Of course, this treatment regimen would different every person. It is highly recommended to get regular treatment and regular check up to avoid recurrence. And don’t forget to continue our quality lifestyle. :-)

Check out my other Review about Medication :-)

Natural Cancer Cure

2009-07-28T07:33:00.000-07:00

Natural Cancer Cure | Tips and Guide

By Kisenda

Cancer is the second leading disease killer in the United States. In the American Cancer Society’s document entitled, “Cancer Fact & Figure 2009”, there would be 1.479.350 new cancer cases of cancer diagnosed also 562.340 cancer death in 2009.

The scientific found the evidence that cancer often occurs because the human immune system stop working properly. And there is fact that, human immune system is affected by such food they eat.

However the radiation, chemotherapy also surgical are the choice treatments.

Why this problem easy comes and easy goes? can we decrease the cancer problems ?

Can we decrease the cancer risk also the death because of cancer?

The first question we must ask is why such a cancer happen. The root cause of the disease must be addressed. So, we can take actions such prevention, continuing keep healthy, etc.

Here, we will discuss about it.

When the human immune system working correctly, cancerous and pre-cancerous cells would be eaten by the white blood cells. The mutated cells would be eaten before they become a tumors.

Untill today, Scientists actually still study all about the cancer and the respons of body, white blood cells. When the white cells , immune system doesn’t work properly , it would be sort of lethargic, as if the drug doen’t work,do its job. The cancerous cells around can bunch together and become tumors.

What we can do with natural cancer cure ?

It’s quite simple. Helping the immune system work and function properly is such nutural cancer cure. As we’ve discussed above that health immune system will eat the cancerous ,pre-cancerous, or mutation cells. Good nutrition will support health imune system. This is why 10 of thousands have discoverd their all natural cancer cure was found in raw living foods.

Keep our body Health :-)

You can Check out my other Review about Cancer Medication

Hepatitis C

2009-07-27T02:15:00.000-07:00

Hepatitis C, we must know about this Virus

By Kisenda

Most of people around the world must know about hepatitis C virus, because this disease has similiar symptoms such flu disease. This virus is only detected when they check their health and get medical examination.

Now, the question What Hepatitis C virus is. Hepatitis C Virus is type of infectious virus. This virus actually is transmitted in the blood, so when there’s blood contact the health person and patient , it would be a dangerous.

This disease can spread in the following ways

Blood transfer from an infected donor
Sharing needles
From infected mother to the unborn child
Tattooing and Body piercing
Sharing personal items such as razors, etc

Hepatitis C virus travels acroos the blood vessel then comes, destroys the liver. Liver disease caused by Hepatitis C virus.

This is a bad news that about 240.000 canadians infected hepatitis C virus but only a few of this population give attenttion to this, and the young people are more prone than the old people.

How we know about the attack of the virus.

It is very important to know about its symptoms and its attack. We must aware of the first sign and symptoms , too. The person who attacked by the virus, they have 100% chance suffering from nausea or abdominal pain, loss of appetite, dark urine and jaundice. The patients may experience combination of these symptoms.

Unfortunatly, There is no vaccine for Hepatitis C. But , there are available certain blood tests to check , we are infected or not. Of course, All the blood tests would be anti- Hepatitis C.

We must consider speaking to our doctor when we have liver disease or on long term kidney dialysis. it may relate to hepatitis C virus. And If we can detect the early stages,we can get the treatment as early as posible.

But, as long as we can keep our body health, Prevention is te best thing to do here, right ? :-)

Here are the symptoms and signs to recognize the presence of hepatitis C virus

Nausea
Headache
Fatigue, loss of appetite
Muscle ache
Vomiting, Diarrhea
Clay colored stoold, coffee colored urine
Yellowing of sclera (whites of the eye); yellowing of skin

As i suggest you above, to make sure we suffer or not, we can get a medical examination of hepatitis C virus.

Let’s Keep our body health :-)

You can check out my other Review about Cancer Drugs.

Cancer Symptoms

2009-07-25T20:06:00.000-07:00

Cancer symptoms | REVIEW

By Kisenda

Cancer is an abnormal growth of human body cells which cause the disease. It means that the cells are growth uncontroll, incude uncontrolled cell division also these potential cells to attack and break other tissues. It is known as malignancy of cancer tumor.

Cancer symptoms may occur in specific cancers type , like persistent pain in bones, swelling in the breast, swallowing problems, unusual bleeding, continual gruffness, changed bladder habits, and many others.

We must understand that each type of cancer has its own symptoms. For examples when the person suffer breast cancer the main symptoms could be burning or pain, swelling, problems in nipples also reddishness. And if the person suffer bladder or kidney cancer, the main symptoms could be the blood in urine, frequent urination, and pain while urinating.

Here, i will give you another examples about the cancer symptoms in spesific organs.

There are endometrial, uterine, and cervical cancer the sysptoms are same. The major symptoms are unusual discharge, painful and heavy menstrual periods.

There are colon cancer symptoms include stool with blood, constipation, change bowel habits, and unrelenting diarrhea.

There are blood cancer, usually called leukemia, the main symptoms of this cancer are decreasing weight, nose bleeding, recurring infections, and pain in bones also joints.

Lung cancer has the symptoms like heaviness or chest pain, blood in sputums and continual cough.

There are mouth and throat cancer, the symptoms include uncurable ulcer in tongue or throat.

Prostate cancer , the symptoms usually include weaken the urine flow, men feel continuous pain in pelvis and upper thighs.

Stomach cancer, the following symptoms can include pain after eating, continuous fall in body weight also blood white vomiting.

The main causes of cancer can include presence of poisons in food,air and water, lack of fats and digestive enzymes, minerals deficiency, vitamins deficiency especially vitamin B6 and C , too much drugs intake, hormonal disparity, pathogens affecting immune system, etc.

So, keep our body health, because health is a wealth. :-)

Check out my other Review about Cancer Drugs you may interested.

Mesothelioma Cancer

2009-07-24T17:36:00.000-07:00

MESOTHELIOMA CANCER | REVIEW

By Kisenda

Mesothelioma is a cancer type involving mesothelial tissue of body organs usually lungs or abdominal. This is usually happened because of asbestos exposure. However, there are 30-50% patients without any history of asbestos exposure. People with a little doses exposure of asbestos, but it has been going about one or two months, they have risk to get mesothelioma cancer. The peole who wash clothes of asbestos exposed people are at risk, too. People with asbestos exposure could develop mesothelioma after 50 years exposure.

People in the occupations such as insulator, boilermakers. Construction job in shipyard, etc are at risk of contracting asbestos disease.

There are 2 common types of mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma
Peritoneal mesothelioma

The survival time for patients with diffuse malignant mesothelioma is from 4 to 24 months or 4 month – 2 years, from the observance of the symptoms. As mesothelioma is difficult to diagnosed.

The chance of recovery for the patients are depend on age of the patients, size and location of the cancer, also the treatment response.

Presently , the treatment options for mesothelioma are

- Chemotherapy

- Radiation therapy

- Surgery and Photodynamic therapy

And good news is provitamin A or beta-carotene has some evidence that it may decrease the risk of mesothelioma.

if you want to know more about mesothelioma cancer click here

Check out my other Review about Organ Problem you may interested.

Cancer Prostate

2009-07-23T21:47:00.000-07:00

PROSTATE CANCER | REVIEW

By Kisenda

In U.S, there are approximately 320.000 men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Approximately one of ten men will develop prostate cancer in his life. This is misconception around us that prostate cancer just happens in old men, although this cancer most in their age. The true is that cancer also prevalent in fifteen or fourteen years old men.

Prostate cancer can also be present for years without any symptoms before, and it is usually detected after in an advanced stage. And unfortunately, this cancer cell may leave the prostate cancer , spreading and infecting other organ tissue which is not detectable without surgery. When that happens, it will need more time to cure and getting medication.

The treatments itself incude psychological and physical implications, because it may be damaging in the urinary organs leading loss of bladder control also impact to reproductive organ which leads to importence. Some treatments involve removing prostate gland may be also testicles, which can make an imbalance the hormone level and cause loss interest in sex and sense of self.

Now, we will understand about what prostate itself and cancer itself

Prostate is sex gland in men which is located in abdomen region below the bladder at the base of penis and in front of the rectum. The normal size of prostate approximately like a golf ball. It wraps completely around the uretra- the tube runs from bladder through the penis. This gland produces the alkaline fluid which protects sperm from acidity in female reproductive tract and regulates the acidity of semen . Not a vital organ but quite vital for a normal life.

Cancer include in many groups of diseases, cancer can happen when there are no control growing and cell division. There must be fail in its DNA which control the division and growth. Cancerous cells stop performing their original specialized function, and become a parasite in the body. It consume our energy and breaking the normal cells. Cancer may spread when cancer cells enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These cancer cells can spread, replicate and growth in another part of body causing new tumor which is called metastatic stage.

Cancer is difined by the origination place, when it originates in prostate so it is called prostate cancer, when it spreads to other areas in human body it is called metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is slow growing, taking years to replicate also double enough to cause symptoms. If this cancer detected early, there is exellent chance to be cured. Treatment techniques also continually are being refined to have less side effects and even if it has spread, there are current therapies and drugs to extend life beyond five plus years.

You can check out my other Review about the Liver

Virus Hepatitis

2009-07-22T17:55:00.000-07:00

VIRUS HEPATITIS | REVIEW

By Kisenda

Viral Structure

Hepatitis C virus is included in the family Flaviviridae, with spesification spherical, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. It is virus with approximately diameter 50 nm. This envelope structure is coverd with the protein spike. The RNA is a linear structure comprising of 9379 nucleotides which acts as a genome of this virus.The 5’terminal of the genome encodes envelop proteins and the structural capsid. The 3’ terminal is the funtional region and thus encodes RNA polymerase, regulatory proteins, and viral proteases. The RNA genome is a positive strand, encodes for a polyprotein of 3010 to 3030 amino acids. This protein undergoes proteolytic post-translational cleavage. Phosphorylated protein composes the capsid.

How this Virus Replicate

Hepatitis C Virus replicated in the hepatocytes cytoplasm. Following penetration stage, positive RNA strand first is translated to synthesize various structural proteins including RNA_dependent RNA polymerase. Using the positive strand as a template, RNA polymerase prepares the negative strand, or a complementary copy. This negative strand act as a replicative intermediate. And The RNA_dependent RNA polymerase using this structure as templete also synthesize positive strands. then, the virus is assembled which is realeased by budding process.

Hepatitis C Virus – Genetic Variation

Hepatitis C virus has a tendency to undergo genetic variation during replication process. This tendency has been related to the lack of proofreading mechanism for the newly synthesized RNA. Thus, this virus populations extremely heterogenous. Over the centuries, this persistent diversity has led to the development of several distinct groups of the virus. Now, Hepatitis C virus classified as six major subtypes. This is yet to be confirmed what role these genotypes or subtypes play in the severity of the disease. The ability of this virus to change its genotype character also occurs within the infected person, and creates a closely family related virus but with minor differences, called quasispecies. These minor changes will be its ability to escape the host’s immune surveillance. It is because antibody produced against one quasispecies often fail to against another quasispecies.

Check out my other Review about Liver problems

Cancer Drugs Chemotherapy

2009-07-21T21:08:00.000-07:00

Cancer Drugs | Learn more about Cancer Medication

By Kisenda

There are many types of cancer that people can suffer but types of medication they may be using is stay similiar. There are many form of medication that we can choose, also the various types of side effect to go with each. Our doctor will help us to determine which type of treatment is the best. Our therapy can include Hormone therapy, Chemotherapy, Biological therapy, complimentary and alternative therapy also drug treatment. Usually, the Chemotherapy uses anti-cancer drugs which are done injectable, by mouth, intravenously and topical application. They stop the growth of cancer with destroy the cancer cells. Usually, it is done in cycles.

Some of anti-cancer medications that our doctor may include Hexalen, Blenoxane, Doxil, Xeloda, Elspar , Idamycin, etc. Most cancer medications come with a hefty list of side effects, and unfortunately it is almost impossible to avoid side effects. Some of side effects that we may or may not experience with cancer medications might be feeling very weak also tired, more susceptible to infections. If the medications we choose give the severe side effects, our doctor will prescribe another medication to counter that.

Radiation therapy is the form of therapy which use the ionizing radiation. This medication kills off the cancer cells and make it impossible to grow back. Often, the surgical method use first to remove cancer than radiation and chemotherapy medication. When using the hormone therapy, we will be given the hormone which will change the way cells grow in our body. Also Biological therapy, known as Immunotherapy, it wil help the other medication fighting off the cancer cells.

We should have good communication with doctor, about what we suffer, and educate our self with many kind of medications treatment. Discuss the treatment with the oncologist, so you can get good information as well.

Check out my other Review about Liver Problems

Liver Problems

2009-07-21T01:36:00.001-07:00

Liver Problems
By Kisenda

Liver Problems.There are many research and study about the suffer of the liver, gathering the common symptoms about it. There are many exact symptoms that our body will show. but, first of all , we will talk about the important role of the liver inside our body. A good liver will control the process of metabolism. Everything we eat, drink and breath eventually will reach the liver. liver helps breaking down the nutrients into usable product. And liver also clean the toxin which enter from portal of entry.

Of course, liver is pretty vital. How does liver problems commonly initiate? Alcohol, Cuprit ? Usually people ask the same question such as What kind of symptoms when we have a liver disease? or What the symtoms of alcoholic liver disease? or What are the sign of liver problems?

Much alcohol can effect the fatty liver, normal liver swell with fat. When the fat become inflame, it can lead to alcoholic hepatitis. Don’t wait it until going worst. Prevent illness is much better than heal.

There are many symptoms of liver disease such as

Discolored eyes and skin that appear yellowish
Such an Abdominal pain and swelling
itchy skin
dark color of urine
Nausea
Chronic fatigue
hepatomegaly, when liver shown bigger than normal.
Loss of appetite
etc.

There are some tips to protect the liver from illness that we can try

Drink alcohol in moderation, it’s much better if we stop drinking 
Don’t mix other drugs with alcohol. It can be very harmful
Get a liver vaccination.
Don’t eat many fatty food
Check our body weight
To keep our body health, healthy eat and quality live also.